Probiotics or Prebiotics? What are the Differences

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by Rosabel Zohfeld, APRN, MSN-Ed, FNP-C

Have you ever asked yourself what are the differences between probiotics and prebiotic?

Probiotics and prebiotics play distinct roles in supporting gut health, and here are the key differences:

Definition:

• Probiotics: Live beneficial bacteria that, when consumed in adequate amounts, provide health benefits by positively influencing the intestinal microbiota balance.
• Prebiotics: Substances, often fiber-rich, promote the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria in the gut.

Nature:

• Probiotics: Live microorganisms, typically strains of bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) or yeast, that confer health benefits to the host when consumed.
• Prebiotics: Non-digestible fibers or compounds, often carbohydrates like inulin or oligosaccharides, that serve as a food source for beneficial bacteria.

Source:

• Probiotics: Found in fermented foods (e.g., yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut) and supplement form.
• Prebiotics: Naturally occurring in certain foods, such as garlic, onions, bananas, and whole grains.

Function:

• Probiotics: Actively contribute to the existing microbial community in the gut, promoting a balance of beneficial bacteria and supporting digestive and immune health.
• Prebiotics: Serve as a nourishment source for beneficial bacteria, helping them thrive and increase in the gut.

Examples:

• Probiotics: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Saccharomyces boulardii.
• Prebiotics: Inulin, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS).

Delivery Method:

• Probiotics: These are usually consumed through foods or supplements.
• Prebiotics: Naturally present in foods or can be consumed through dietary supplements.

Health Benefits:

• Probiotics: Support digestive health, boost the immune system, and may have other specific health benefits depending on the strain.
• Prebiotics: Improve gut health, enhance mineral absorption, and may help regulate blood sugar levels.

Interaction:

• Probiotics: Actively colonize and influence the gut microbiota.
• Prebiotics: Indirectly support gut health by providing a conducive environment for the growth of beneficial bacteria.

In summary, while probiotics are live microorganisms that directly contribute to gut health, prebiotics are non-digestible compounds that provide a nourishing environment for the growth of beneficial bacteria. Combining both in the diet is often called symbiotic, as they promote a healthy balance in the gut microbiome.